COVER ALERTATION
The Perfect Tone, Perfecting - F
See F ; and also "to", "two", and "too", the "audible", "editable" and "omitable" ...
See also "n2"; in to; into; and "in too"
Preserving the spirit with the composing letter, not just the etymology.
The Love And Thanks
LOVE AND THANKS
Its not always easy to see or find or feel or give...
..AND WHAT OF TAKE? Here is a google link to a turkey(google doodle November 22, 2001).
Cf. : Please note this post's draft form was compromised by unfamiliar java and html forms; long breaks between text topics occured in error.
PRIMARILY (SECONDARILY)
THIS POST IS ABOUT VOICE WORD SOUND LIGHT AND LOVE AND THE BEAUTY AND IMPORTANCE OF IT ALL; OF PORTION AND GREATNESS AND PURPOSE; A LITTLE SCIENTIFIC, A LITTLE AND ENJOYMENTKing James Bible (Cambridge Ed.)
But it shall be one day which shall be known to the LORD, not day, nor night: but it shall come to pass, that at evening time it shall be light.
STORY http://BIBLE.CC
ETYMOLOGY INTRODUCTION AND INTERPRETATTIONS
Timeline AS THE 8th Biblical Month, Bul EDGES CLOSE TO THE 9Tth 26 November 2011, Saturday- Starts the 9th Biblical Month, Kislev
Expected New Moon: On 26 November 2011, Saturday
The New Moon is expected to be visible after sunset.
Moon elevation above the horizon for most of the United States will be about 14.8 degrees at sunset.
Moon age for the four U.S. time zones east to west: 40, 41, 42 and 43 hours.
Visibility: Easily Visible
Sunset to moonset: approximately 1 hour 39 minutes.
Cf. : Please note this post is a written draft form comprised forms of music notation and a mixes of prose, sharing in english language vocabulary; the spirit, by comprehension, is the intent for focus for any themes or preservations for cohesiveness for, from, of, or, to or "or something" "story line"; timeless in a sense, for the collection is as written; therefore a gathering of wisdom and sole for the mind projects remnants and constants for retainment; in that of the vocabulary itself, because a vulnerability exists in light of interpretations first, and distinction though vague, is not by nature a stable for discern.
So firstly, this is a perpetuating guide to balance story content and spirit; strengthening the spirits' to support contexts' existent to natural occurrences' as propens as it happens or exists or is imagined as authored; and perpens audiance bias affect and effect any gravity.
For other drawen sustenances would be lent in to confir; as the order of the wording and placement of text were and are still, applied "as is" as was is "as found"; found at random at the different stages, and or aware, they are noted to vocare of the same and to essense of clear equivocation; a generaliation of an index as the secondary.
.
CONFERENCE
Confir, as figuratively bible mentions in << Matthew 5:13 >> of the King James Bible (Cambridge Ed.) bibble.cc resource for in reading this post and navigating merges of texts;
Ye are the salt of the earth: but if the salt have lost his savour, wherewith shall it be salted? it is thenceforth good for nothing, but to be cast out, and to be trodden under foot of men.
"Cf" CONFIR;...
When reading, if I ran into a word I either didn't understand or didn't completely understand in its context, I would look it up in the dictionary; looking up the etymology I found expanded many waves; of language and time of usage and grammar; these many words with so many meanings, manorisms, and richness and depths of tone.
This draft then is probably going to fall short of a universal language; YET, A mnemonic system is "special techniques or strategy consciously employed in an attempt to improve memory ....
... and so how much better then to ride on the perfect wave of concideration and interpretation within the stream of things; i.e. Periodic tables h2o, and nacl2; etc..
The Strengthening from bible.cc/Lexicon describes matthew 5:15
| "You are the salt |
| of the earth; |
| but if |
| the salt |
| has become tasteless, |
| how |
| can it be made salty |
| [again]? It is no |
| longer |
| good |
| for anything, |
| except |
| to be thrown |
| out and trampled under foot |
| by men. |
STRIKE Anything else striken, cause; out, out of, unwelcome intent, unintended, hidden schematic, audible silence, i.e. clause omission, as an oversight; ... UNSTRIKEN Amos 8:5 saying, "When will the New Moon be over that we may sell ... ... You say to yourselves, "When will the New Moon Festival be over so that we can ... We can shrink the size of the bushel baskets, increase the cost, and cheat with ... Other board Table Of Contents CHOICE http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=omit http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=georg+simon+ohm%20%20 http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=key%20http://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch000306.htm http://www.20kweb.com/etymology_dictionary_B/origin_of_the_word_bale.htm http://www.20kweb.com/etymology_dictionary_B/origin_of_the_word_ballast.htm http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&source=hp&q=BALLEST+ETYMOLOGY&gbv=2&oq=BALLEST+ETYMOLOGY&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&gs_sm=e&gs_upl=2812l7859l0l8249l17l17l0l6l0l0l297l1859l1.6.4l11l0 http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2008/sn1006c/REMNANT
|
- late 14c., from O.Fr. armonie "harmony," also the name of a musical instrument (12c.), from L. harmonia, from Gk. harmonia "agreement, concord of sounds," also as a proper name, the personification of music, lit. "means of joining," used of ship-planks, etc., also "settled government, order," related to harmos "fastenings of a door; shoulder," from PIE *ar-ti-, from *ar- "to fit together" (see arm (n.1)). Musical sense is oldest in English; that of "agreement of feeling, concord" is from late 14c.
- harmonize
- late 15c., "play or sing in harmony," from Fr. harmoniser (15c.), from O.Fr. harmonie (see harmony). Meaning "be in harmony" is from 1620s; that of "bring into agreement" is from 1727. Related: Harmonized; harmonizing.
- symphony
- late 13c., the name of various musical instruments, from O.Fr. symphonie "harmony" (12c.), from L. symphonia "a unison of sounds, harmony," from Gk. symphonia "harmony, concert," from symphonos "harmonious," from syn- "together" + phone "voice, sound" (see fame). Meaning "harmony of sounds" is attested from mid-15c.; sense of "music in parts" is from 1590s. "It was only after the advent of Haydn that this word began to mean a sonata for full orchestra. Before that time it meant a prelude, postlude, or interlude, or any short instrumental work." ["Elson's Music Dictionary"] Meaning "elaborate orchestral composition" first attested 1789 (symphonic in this sense is from 1864). Elliptical for "symphony orchestra" from 1926.
- philharmonic
- 1813 (name of a society founded in London for the promotion of instrumental music), from Fr. philharmonique (1739), from It. filarmonico, lit. "loving harmony," from Gk. philos "loving" + ta harmonika "theory of harmony, music," from neut. pl. of harmonikos (see harmonic).
- harmonic
- 1560s, "relating to music;" earlier (c.1500) armonical "tuneful, harmonious," from L. harmonicus, from Gk. harmonikos "harmonic, musical, skilled in music," from harmonia (see harmony). Meaning "relating to harmony" is from 1660s. The noun, short for harmionic tone, is recorded from 1777.
- concent
- "harmony," 1580s, from L. concentus "a singing together, harmony," from concinere "to sing or sound together," from com- "with, together" (see com-) + canere "to sing" (see chant). Often misspelled consent or confused with that word.
- doo-wop
- 1958, from the nonsense harmony phrases sung under the vocal lead (this one attested from mid-1950s).
- concert (n.)
- 1660s, "agreement, accord, harmony," from Fr. concert (16c.), from It. concerto "concert, harmony," from concertare "bring into agreement," in L. "to contend, contest, dispute," from com- "with" (see com-) + certare "to contend, strive," frequentative of certus, variant pp. of cernere "separate, decide" (see crisis). Before the word entered English, meaning shifted from "to strive against" to "to strive alongside." Sense of "public musical performance" is 1680s. But Klein considers this too much of a stretch and suggests L. concentare "to sing together" (from con- + cantare "to sing") as the source of the Italian word in the musical sense.
- Sweet Adeline
- "female barbershop singing group," 1947, from the name of a popular close harmony song by Armstrong & Gerard, prop. "You're the Flower of my Heart, Sweet Adeline" (1903).
- attune
- 1590s, from tune, "probably suggested by ATONE" [OED]. Attunement "a bringing into harmony" is recorded from 1866.
- Anacreontic
- of or in the manner of Anacreon, "convivial bard of Greece" (lit. "Up-lord"), the celebrated Greek lyrical poet (560-478 B.C.E.), born at Teos in Ionia. In reference to his lyric form (1706) of a four-line stanza, rhymed alternately, each line with four beats (three trochees and a long syllable), also "convivial and amatory" (1801); and "an erotic poem celebrating love and wine" (1650s). Francis Scott Key in 1814 set or wrote his poem "The Star-Spangled Banner" to the melody of "To Anacreon in Heav'n," the drinking song of the popular London gentleman's club called The Anacreontic Society, whose membership was dedicated to "wit, harmony, and the god of wine."
To Anacreon in Heav'n, where he sat in full glee, A few Sons of Harmony sent a petition; That he their Inspirer and Patron wou'd be; When this answer arrived from the Jolly Old Grecian; "Voice, Fiddle, and Flute, No longer be mute, I'll lend you my name and inspire you to boot, And besides I'll instruct you like me, to intwine, The Myrtle of Venus with Bacchus's Vine."
The tune is late 18c. and may be the work of society member and court musician John Stafford Smith (1750-1836). - Concorde
- supersonic passenger airliner, operating from 1976 to 2003, from Fr. concorde, lit. "harmony, agreement" (see concord), reflecting the Anglo-French collaborative agreement that produced it.
- raga
- 1788, from Skt. raga-s "harmony, melody, mode in music," lit. "color, mood," related to rajyati "it is dyed."
- wavelength
- 1850, "distance between peaks of a wave," from wave (n.) + length. Originally of spectra; radio sense is attested by 1925. Fig. sense of "mental harmony" is recorded from 1927, on analogy of radio waves.
- Boxer Rebellion
- 1900, a name based on mistranslation of Chinese xenophobic society I-He-T'uan, "Righteous Harmony Band," rendered by British as I-He-Ch'uan "Righteous Uniting Fists," and so associated with the pugilistic boxer.
- harmonium
- keyboard instrument, 1847, from Fr. harmonium, from Gk. harmonia (see harmony). Invented c.1840.
- consistency
- 1590s, "firmness of matter," from M.L. consistentia or directly from L. consistentem, from consistere (see consist). Meaning "state of being in agreement or harmony" (with something) is from 1650s; meaning "self-consistent" is from 1716.
- convenience
- late 14c., "agreement, conformity," from L. convenientia "meeting together, agreement, harmony," from conveniens, prp. of convenire (see convene). Meaning "suitable, adapted to existing conditions" is from c.1600; that of "personally not difficult" is from 1703.
- absurd
- 1550s, from M.Fr. absurde (16c.), from L. absurdus "out of tune; foolish" (see absurdity). The main modern sense (also present in Latin) is a figurative one, "out of harmony with reason or propriety." Related: Absurdly; absurdness.
- correspondence
- early 15c., "harmony, agreement," from M.L. correspondentia, from correspondentem (nom. correspondens), prp. of correspondere (see correspond). Sense of "communication by letters" is first attested 1640s.
- disharmony
- c.1600; see dis- + harmony.
- accordance
- c.1300, from O.Fr. acordance "agreeing, reconciliation, harmony," noun of action from acorder (see accord). Phrase in accordance with is attested from c.1810.
- harmonious
- 1540s, in music, from Fr. harmonieux (14c.), from harmonie (see harmony). In nonmusical use from 1630s. Related: Harmoniously; harmoniousness.
- concordance
- late 14c., "alphabetical arrangement of all the words in a book" (esp. the Bible), from O.Fr. concordance (12c.) "agreement, harmony," from L.L. concordantia, from concordantem (nom. concordans; see concord). Originally a citation of parallel passages. Literal meaning "fact of agreeing" attested in English from mid-15c.
- congruence
- mid-15c., from L. congruentia "agreement, harmony, congruity," from congruentem (nom. congruens), prp. of congruere "to come together" (see congruent). Related: Congruency.
- hautboy
- 1570s, from Fr. hautbois "high wood" (15c.; see oboe). The "high" is haut in its secondary sense of "high-pitched." Frequently nativized as hoboy.
This Pageaunt waz clozd vp with a delectable harmony of Hautboiz, Shalmz, Coronets, and such oother looud muzik. [Robert Laneham, 1575]
- anachronism
- 1640s, "an error in computing time or finding dates," from L. anachronismus, from Gk. anakhronismos, from anakhronizein "refer to wrong time," from ana- "against" (see ana-) + khronos "time," of uncertain origin. Meaning "something out of harmony with the present" first recorded 1816.
- jibe (v.)
- "agree, fit," 1813, of unknown origin, perhaps a figurative extension of earlier jib, gybe (v.) "shift a sail or boom" (see jib). OED, however, suggests a phonetic variant of chime, as if meaning "to chime in with, to be in harmony." Related: Jibed; jibes; jibing.
- consonance
- early 15c., "agreement among persons," from O.Fr. consonance (12c.) "consonance, rhyme," from L. consonantia "harmony, agreement," from consonantem (nom. consonans) (see consonant). Meaning "correspondence of sounds" is from 1580s.
- Hobson-Jobson
- 1690s, hossen gossen, said to have been British soldiers' mangled Anglicization of the Arabic cry they heard at Muharram processions in India, Ya Hasan! Ya Husayn! ("O Hassan! O Husain!"), mourning two grandsons of the Prophet who died fighting for the faith. Title of Yule & Burnell's 1886 glossary of Anglo-Indian words, and taken by linguists in naming the law of Hobson-Jobson, describing the effort to bring a new and strange word into harmony with the language.
- correspond
- 1520s, "to be in agreement, to be in harmony with," from M.Fr. correspondre (14c.) or directly from M.L. correspondere, from cor- (see com-) "together, with each other" + respondere "to answer" (see respond). Originally in M.L. of two things in mutual action, but by later M.L. it could be used of one thing only. In English, sense of "to be similar" (to) is from 1640s; that of "to hold communication with" is from c.1600; specifically "to communicate by means of letters" from 1640s (in mid-18c. it also could mean "have sex"). Related: Corresponded; corresponding.
- barber-shop
- 1570s, from barber + shop (n.). Earlier in same sense was barbery (c.1500). Barber-shop in reference to close harmony male vocal quartets, it is attested from 1910; the custom of barber's keeping a musical instrument in their shops so waiting customers could entertain themselves is an old one, but the musical product had a low reputation and barber's music (c.1660) was "wretched, poorly performed music."
- agree
- late 14c., "to be to one's liking;" also "to give consent," from O.Fr. agreer "to receive with favor, take pleasure in" (12c.), from phrase a gré "favorably, of good will," lit. "to (one's) liking," from L. ad "to" (see ad-) + gratum "pleasing," neut. of gratus (see grace); the original sense survives best in agreeable. Meaning "to be in harmony in opinions" is from late 15c. Related: Agreed; agreeing.
- concord
- early 14c., from O.Fr. concorde (12c.) "concord, harmony, agreement, treaty," from L. concordia "agreement, union," from concors (gen. concordis) "of the same mind," lit. "hearts together," from com- "together" (see com-) + cor "heart" (see heart).
- accord (v.)
- early 12c., from O.Fr. acorder (12c.) "reconcile, agree, be in harmony," from V.L. *accordare "make agree," lit. "be of one heart, bring heart to heart," from L. ad- "to" + cor (gen. cordis) "heart" (see heart). Related: Accorded; according.
- balance (n.)
- early 13c., "apparatus for weighing," from O.Fr. balance (12c.) "balance, scales for weighing," also in the figurative sense; from M.L. bilancia, from L.L. bilanx, from L. (libra) bilanx "(scale) having two pans," possibly from L. bis "twice" + lanx "dish, plate, scale of a balance." The accounting sense is from 1580s; the meaning "general harmony between parts" is from 1732; sense of "physical equipoise" is from 1660s. Balance of power in the geopolitical sense is from 1701. Many figurative uses are from M.E. image of the scales in the hands of personified Justice, Fortune, Fate, etc.; e.g. hang in the balance (late 14c.).
OMIT STARTS HERE
- omit
- early 15c., from L. omittere "lay aside, disregard, let go," from ob (here perhaps intensive) + mittere "let go, send" (see mission).
- omission
- late 14c., from L. omissionem (nom. omissio) "an omitting," noun of action from omissus, pp. of omittere (see omit).
- balk (v.)
- late 14c., "to leave an unplowed ridge when plowing," from balk (n.). Extended meaning "to omit, intentionally neglect" is mid-15c. Most modern senses are figurative, from the notion of a balk in the fields as a hindrance or obstruction: sense of "stop short" (as a horse confronted with an obstacle) is late 15c.; that of "to refuse" is 1580s. Related: Balked; balking.
- intermit (v.)
- 1540s, from L. intermittere “to leave off, omit, suspend, interrupt, neglect,” from inter- “between” (see inter-) + mittere “to send” (see mission). Related: Intermitted; intermitting; intermittingly.
- skip (v.)
- c.1300, "to spring lightly," also "to jump over," probably from O.N. skopa "to skip, run," from P.Gmc. *skupanan (cf. M.Swed. skuppa, dialectal Swed. skopa "to skip, leap"). Meaning "omit intervening parts" first recorded late 14c. Meaning "fail to attend" is from 1905. The noun is attested from mid-15c. The custom of skipping rope has been traced to 17c.; it was commonly done by boys as well as girls until late 19c. Related: Skipped; skipping.
- dispense
- early 14c., from O.Fr. dispenser "give out" (13c.), from L. dispensare "disburse, administer, distribute (by weight)," frequentative of dispendere "pay out," from dis- "out" (see dis-) + pendere "to pay, weigh" (see pendant). In M.L., dispendere was used in the ecclesiastical sense of "grant license to do what is forbidden or omit what is required" (a power of popes, bishops, etc.), and thus acquired a sense of "grant remission from punishment or exemption from law," hence "to do away with" (1570s), "do without" (c.1600). Older sense is preserved in dispensary. Related: Dispensed; dispensing.
- fuck (v.)
- until recently a difficult word to trace, in part because it was taboo to the editors of the original OED when the "F" volume was compiled, 1893-97. Written form only attested from early 16c. OED 2nd edition cites 1503, in the form fukkit; earliest appearance of current spelling is 1535 -- "Bischops ... may fuck thair fill and be vnmaryit" [Sir David Lyndesay, "Ane Satyre of the Thrie Estaits"], but presumably it is a much more ancient word than that, simply one that wasn't written in the kind of texts that have survived from O.E. and M.E. Buck cites proper name John le Fucker from 1278. The word apparently is hinted at in a scurrilous 15c. poem, titled "Flen flyys," written in bastard Latin and M.E. The relevant line reads:
Non sunt in celi quia fuccant uuiuys of heli
"They [the monks] are not in heaven because they fuck the wives of [the town of] Ely." Fuccant is pseudo-Latin, and in the original it is written in cipher. The earliest examples of the word otherwise are from Scottish, which suggests a Scandinavian origin, perhaps from a word akin to Norwegian dialectal fukka "copulate," or Swedish dialectal focka "copulate, strike, push," and fock "penis." Another theory traces it to M.E. fyke, fike "move restlessly, fidget," which also meant "dally, flirt," and probably is from a general North Sea Germanic word; cf. M.Du. fokken, Ger. ficken "fuck," earlier "make quick movements to and fro, flick," still earlier "itch, scratch;" the vulgar sense attested from 16c. This would parallel in sense the usual M.E. slang term for "have sexual intercourse," swive, from O.E. swifan "to move lightly over, sweep" (see swivel). But OED remarks these "cannot be shown to be related" to the English word. Chronology and phonology rule out Shipley's attempt to derive it from M.E. firk "to press hard, beat."Germanic words of similar form (f + vowel + consonant) and meaning 'copulate' are numerous. One of them is G. ficken. They often have additional senses, especially 'cheat,' but their basic meaning is 'move back and forth.' ... Most probably, fuck is a borrowing from Low German and has no cognates outside Germanic. [Liberman]
French foutre and Italian fottere look like the English word but are unrelated, derived rather from L. futuere, which is perhaps from PIE base *bhau(t)- "knock, strike off," extended via a figurative use "from the sexual application of violent action" [Shipley; cf. the sexual slang use of bang, etc.]. Popular and Internet derivations from acronyms (and the "pluck yew" fable) are merely ingenious trifling. The O.E. word was hæman, from ham "dwelling, home," with a sense of "take home, co-habit." Fuck was outlawed in print in England (by the Obscene Publications Act, 1857) and the U.S. (by the Comstock Act, 1873). As a noun, it dates from 1670s. The word may have been shunned in print, but it continued in conversation, especially among soldiers during WWI.It became so common that an effective way for the soldier to express this emotion was to omit this word. Thus if a sergeant said, 'Get your ----ing rifles!' it was understood as a matter of routine. But if he said 'Get your rifles!' there was an immediate implication of urgency and danger. [John Brophy, "Songs and Slang of the British Soldier: 1914-1918," pub. 1930]
The legal barriers broke down in the 20th century, with the "Ulysses" decision (U.S., 1933) and "Lady Chatterley's Lover" (U.S., 1959; U.K., 1960). Johnson excluded the word, and fuck wasn't in a single English language dictionary from 1795 to 1965. "The Penguin Dictionary" broke the taboo in the latter year. Houghton Mifflin followed, in 1969, with "The American Heritage Dictionary," but it also published a "Clean Green" edition without the word, to assure itself access to the lucrative public high school market. The abbreviation F (or eff) probably began as euphemistic, but by 1943 it was being used as a cuss word, too. In 1948, the publishers of "The Naked and the Dead" persuaded Norman Mailer to use the euphemism fug instead. When Mailer later was introduced to Dorothy Parker, she greeted him with, "So you're the man who can't spell 'fuck' " [The quip sometimes is attributed to Tallulah Bankhead]. Hemingway used muck in "For whom the Bell Tolls" (1940). The major breakthrough in publication was James Jones' "From Here to Eternity" (1950), with 50 fucks (down from 258 in the original manuscript). Egyptian legal agreements from the 23rd Dynasty (749-21 B.C.E.) frequently include the phrase, "If you do not obey this decree, may a donkey copulate with you!" [Reinhold Aman, "Maledicta," Summer 1977]. Fuck-all "nothing" first recorded 1960. Verbal phrase fuck up "to ruin, spoil, destroy" first attested c.1916. A widespread group of Slavic words (cf. Pol. pierdolić) can mean both "fornicate" and "make a mistake." Fuck off attested from 1929; as a command to depart, by 1944. Flying fuck originally meant "have sex on horseback" and is first attested c.1800 in broadside ballad "New Feats of Horsemanship." For the unkillable urban legend that this word is an acronym of some sort (a fiction traceable on the Internet to 1995 but probably predating that) see here, and also here. Related: Fucked; fucking. Agent noun fucker attested from 1590s in literal sense; by 1893 as a term of abuse (or admiration).DUCK F-CK-R. The man who has the care of the poultry on board a ſhip of war. ["Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue," 1796]
BALLANCE STARTS HERE
GIVE AND TAKE
- pay (v.)
- c.1200, "to appease, pacify, satisfy," from O.Fr. paiier (12c.), from L. pacare "to please, pacify, satisfy" (especially a creditor), from pax (gen. pacis) "peace." Meaning "to give what is due for goods or services" arose in M.L., was attested in English by early 13c.; sense of "please, pacify" died out in English by 1500. Sense of "suffer, endure" (a punishment, etc.) is first recorded late 14c. Payday first attested 1520s. Payphone first attested 1936.
- take (v.)
- late O.E. tacan, from a N.Gmc. source (e.g. O.N. taka "take, grasp, lay hold," past tense tok, pp. tekinn; Swed. ta, pp. tagit), from P.Gmc. *tækanan (cf. M.L.G. tacken, M.Du. taken, Goth. tekan "to touch"), of uncertain origin, perhaps originally meaning "to touch." Gradually replaced M.E. nimen as the verb for "to take," from O.E. niman, from the usual W.Gmc. *nem- root (cf. Ger. nehmen, Du. nemen; see nimble). OED calls it "one of the elemental words of the language;" take up alone has 55 varieties of meaning in that dictionary. Basic sense is "to lay hold of," which evolved to "accept, receive" (as in take my advice) c.1200; "absorb" (she can take a punch) c.1200; "to choose, select" (take the long way home) late 13c.; "to make, obtain" (take a shower) late 14c.; "to become affected by" (take sick) c.1300. Take five is 1929, from the approximate time it takes to smoke a cigarette. Take it easy first recorded 1880; take the plunge "act decisively" is from 1876; take the rap "accept (undeserved) punishment" is from 1930. Phrase take it or leave it is recorded from 1897.
- take (n.)
- 1650s, "that which is taken in payment," from take (v.). Sense of "money taken in" by a single performance, etc., is from 1931. Movie-making sense is recorded from 1927. Criminal sense of "money acquired by theft" is from 1888. The verb sense of "to cheat, defraud" is from 1920. On the take "amenable to bribery" is from 1930.
- takeaway
- also take-away, 1964 (adj.), 1970 (n.), from take (v.) + away.
- takeoff
- also take-off, "caricature," colloquial, 1846, from earlier sense of "thing that detracts from something, drawback" (1826), from take (v.) + off. Meaning "act of becoming airborne" is from 1904 in reference to aircraft; in reference to jumping, it is attested from 1869.
- takeout (adj.)
- in reference to food prepared at a restaurant but not eaten there, 1941, from take (v.) + out. British equivalent takeaway is recorded from 1964.
- takeover (n.)
- 1917, "an act of taking over," noun derivative of verbal phrase take over (1884), from take (v.) + over. Attested from 1958 in the corporate sense.
- betake (v.)
- c.1200, from be- + take. Related: Betook; betaken.
- caretaker
- 1858, from care + agent noun of take.
- double-take
- 1922, from double + take.
- grubstake
- "material, provisions, etc. supplied to an enterprise (originally a prospector) in return for a share in the profits," by 1876, Amer.Eng., from grub + stake (v.).
- intake (n.)
- c.1800, "place where water is taken into a channel or pipe," from in + take. Meaning "act of taking in" (food, breath, etc.) is first attested 1808.
- mistake (v.)
- early 14c., from O.N. mistaka "take in error, miscarry," from mis- "wrongly" (see mis- (1)) + taka "take" (see take). The noun is attested from 1630s. Related: Mistakenly.
- out-take
- "rejected part of a film," 1960, from out + take (n.) in the movie sense.
- overtake
- "to come up to, to catch in pursuit," early 13c., from over + take (v.). Related: Overtaken; overtaking.
- partake
- 1560s, back-formation from M.E. part-taking (late 14c.), translation of L. particeps "participant" (see participation).
- retake
- mid-15c., "to take back," from re- "back, again" + take (v.). Meaning "to recapture" is recorded from 1640s; sense of "to record a second time" is attested from 1962.
- reuptake
- by 1977; see re- + uptake.
- shiitake
- 1877, from Japanese, from shii, name of several types of evergreen trees, + take "mushroom."
- stake (n)
- "pointed stick or post," O.E. staca, from P.Gmc. *stakon (cf. O.N. stiaki, Du. staak, Ger. stake), from PIE base *steg- "pole, stick." The Germanic word has been borrowed in Sp. (estaca), O.Fr. (estaque), and It. stacca) and was borrowed back as attach. Meaning "post upon which persons were bound for death by burning" is recorded from c.1200. Stake-body as a type of truck is attested from 1907.
- stake (v.)
- early 14c., "to mark (land) with stakes," from stake (n.). Hence, to stake a claim (1857). Meaning "to risk, wager" is attested from 1520s, probably from notion of "post on which a gambling wager was placed," though Weekley suggests "there is a tinge of the burning or baiting metaphor" in this usage. Noun meaning "that which is placed at hazard" is recorded from 1530s. Plural stakes, as in horse racing, first recorded 1690s (cf. sweepstakes). To have a stake in is recorded from 1784. Meaning "to maintain surveilance" (usually stake out) is first recorded 1942, Amer.Eng. colloquial, probably form earlier sense of "mark off territory."
- stakeholder
- 1708, from stake + agent noun from hold (v.).
- sweepstakes
- "prize won in a race or contest," 1773, from M.E. swepestake "one who sweeps or wins all the stakes in a game" (1495, as the name of one of the King's ships), from swepen "sweep" + stake (v).
- undertake
- c.1200, "to entrap," in the same sense as O.E. underniman (cf. Du. ondernemen, Ger. unternehmen), of which it is a partial loan-translation, from under + take. Cf. also Fr. entreprendre "to undertake," from entre "between, among" + prendre "to take." The under in this word may be the same one that also may form the first element of understand. Meaning "to accept" is attested from mid-13c.; that of "to take upon oneself, to accept the duty of" is from c.1300. Undertaking "enterprise" is recorded from early 15c.
- undertaker
- c.1400, "a contractor or projector of any sort," agent noun from undertake (q.v.). The specialized sense (1690s) emerged from funeral-undertaker.
- uptake
- "capacity for understanding," 1816, from up + take. Cf. obs. verb uptake "to pick or take up," attested from c.1300.
- wapentake
- division of certain English counties (equivalent to a hundred in other places), O.E. wæpengetæc, from O.N. vapnatak, from vapna, gen. pl. of vapn "weapon" + tak "touching," from taka "to take, grasp." Perhaps it originally was an armed muster with inspection of weapons, or else an assembly where consent was expressed by brandishing swords and spears.
TAKE IS ABOVE
RECIEVE STARTS HERE
RECEIVE
- received
- mid-15c., "generally accepted as true or good," pp. adj. from receive.
- receiver
- agent noun from receive; as a telephone apparatus, from 1877; in reference to a radio unit, from 1891; in U.S. football sense, from 1897.
- receive
- c.1300, from O.N.Fr. receivre (O.Fr. recoivre), from L. recipere "regain, take back," from re- "back" (see re-) + -cipere, comb. form of capere "to take" (see capable). Radio and television sense is attested from 1908. Related: Received; receiving.
- receptacle
- early 15c., from O.Fr. receptacle (14c.), from L. receptaculum "place to receive and store things," from receptare, frequentative of recipere "to hold, contain" (see receive).
- accept
- late 14c., "to take what is offered," from O.Fr. accepter (14c.) or directly from L. acceptare "take or receive willingly," frequentative of accipere "receive," from ad- "to" (see ad-) + capere "to take" (see capable). Related: Accepted; accepting.
- tennis
- mid-14c., most likely from Anglo-Fr. tenetz "hold! receive! take!," from O.Fr. tenez, imperative of tenir "to hold, receive, take," which was used as a call from the server to his opponent. The original version of the game (a favorite sport of medieval French knights) was played by striking the ball with the palm of the hand, and in O.Fr. was called la paulme, lit. "the palm," but to an onlooker the service cry would naturally seem to identify the game. The use of the word for the modern game is from 1874, short for lawn tennis, which originally was called sphairistike (1873), from Gk. sphairistike (tekhne) "(skill) in playing at ball," from the root of sphere. It was invented, and named, by Maj. Walter C. Wingfield and first played at a garden party in Wales, inspired by the popularity of badminton.
The name 'sphairistike,' however, was impossible (if only because people would pronounce it as a word of three syllables to rhyme with 'pike') and it was soon rechristened. ["Times" of London, June 10, 1927]
- Boxing Day
- 1849, "first weekday after Christmas," on which postmen and others expect to receive a Christmas present, originally in reference to the custom of distributing the contents of the Christmas box, which was placed in the church for charity collections.
- scrip
- "a certificate of a right to receive something (esp. a stock share)," 1762, probably shortened from (sub)scrip(tion) receipt. Originally "receipt for a portion of a loan subscribed," meaning "certificate issued as currency" first recorded 1790.
- receptionist
- "person hired to receive clients in an office," 1901, from reception + -ist.
- hazing
- brutal initiation of college freshmen, 1848, said to be a Harvard word ("This word is used at Harvard College, to express the treatment which Freshmen sometimes receive from the higher classes, and especially from the Sophomores" -- "Collection of College Words and Customs," Boston, 1851); see haze (v.).
- recuperation
- late 15c., "recovery or regaining of things," from L. recuperationem (nom. recuperatio), from pp. stem of recuperare "recover," related to recipere (see receive). Meaning "restoration to health or vigor" is from 1865.
- analeptic
- 1660s, "restorative, strengthening" (in medicine), from Gk. analeptikos "restorative," from analambanein "to receive, take up in one's hands" (see analemma). Related: Analeptical (1610s).
- gruelling
- also grueling, "exhausting, punishing," 1891, from late 18c. slang get one's gruel "receive one's punishment," from gruel.
- receivable
- late 14c., from Anglo-Fr. or O.Fr. recevable, from O.Fr. recoivre (see receive). Related: Receivables.
- receptive
- 1540s, from M.L. receptivus, from L. recipere (see receive). Related: Receptivity.
- receptor
- mid-15c., from O.Fr. receptour or directly from L. receptor, agent noun from recipere (see receive). Medical use from 1900.
- recipe
- 1580s, "medical prescription," from M.Fr. récipé, from L. recipe "take!," imperative of recipere "to take" (see receive); word written by physicians at the head of prescriptions. Meaning "instructions for preparing food" first recorded 1743. The original sense survives only in the pharmacist's abbreviation Rx.
- reception
- late 14c., in astrology, "effect of two planets on each other;" sense of "act of receiving" is recorded from late 15c., from L. receptionem (nom. receptio) "a receiving," noun of action from pp. stem of recipere (see receive). Sense of "ceremonial gathering" is 1882, from French.
- cabbala
- 1520s, from M.L. cabbala, from Mishnaic Heb. qabbalah "reception, received lore, tradition," especially "tradition of mystical interpretation of the Old Testament," from qibbel "to receive, admit, accept." Cf. Arabic qabala "he received, accepted."
- decorate
- early 15c., from L. decoratus, pp. of decorare "to decorate, adorn, embellish, beautify," from decus (gen. decoris) "an ornament," from PIE base *dek- "to receive, be suitable" (see decent). Related: Decorated; decorating.
- receipt
- late 14c., "statement of ingredients in a potion or medicine," from Anglo-Fr. or O.N.Fr. receite "receipt, recipe" (c.1300), altered (by influence of receit "he receives," from V.L. *recipit) from O.Fr. recete, from L. recepta "received," fem. pp. of recipere (see receive). Meaning "written acknowledgment of money or goods received" is from c.1600.
- synecdoche
- late 14c., "part for whole or vice versa," from M.L. synodoche, from L.L. synecdoche, from Gk. synekdokhe, lit. "a receiving together or jointly," from synekdekhesthai "supply a thought or word, take with something else," from syn- "with" + ek "out" + dekhesthai "to receive," related to dokein "seem good" (see decent). Figure in which an attribute or adjunct is substituted for the thing meant ("head" for "cattle," etc.).
- Moira
- one of the Fates, from Gk. Moira, lit. "share, fate," related to moros "fate, destiny, doom," meros "part, lot," meiresthai "to receive one's share" (see merit).
- urinal
- late 13c., "glass vial to receive urine for medical inspection," from O.Fr. urinal, from L.L. urinal, from L. urinalis (adj.) "relating to urine," from urina (see urine). Meaning "chamber pot" is from late 15c. Modern sense of "fixture for urinating (for men)" is attested from 1851.
- except
- late 14c., "to receive," from M.Fr. excepter (12c.), from L. exceptus, pp. of excipere "take out," from ex- "out" (see ex-) + capere "to take" (see capable). Meaning "to leave out" is from 1510s. Related: Excepted; excepting. Adjectival function led to use as a preposition, conjunction (late 14c.).
- incapacity
- 1610s, from Fr. incapacité (16c.), from M.L. incapacitatem (nom. incapacitas), from L.L. incapax (gen. incapacis) "incapable," from in- "not" (see in- (1)) + L. capax "capable," lit. "able to hold much," from capere "to take" (see capable). Often used 17c. as a legal term referring to inability to take, receive, or deal with in some way.
- recipient
- 1550s, from M.Fr. récipient (16c.), from L. recipientem (nom. recipiens), prp. of recipere (see receive).
- agree
- late 14c., "to be to one's liking;" also "to give consent," from O.Fr. agreer "to receive with favor, take pleasure in" (12c.), from phrase a gré "favorably, of good will," lit. "to (one's) liking," from L. ad "to" (see ad-) + gratum "pleasing," neut. of gratus (see grace); the original sense survives best in agreeable. Meaning "to be in harmony in opinions" is from late 15c. Related: Agreed; agreeing.
- analemma
- 1650s, from L. analemma "the pedestal of a sundial," hence the sundial itself, from Gk. analemma "prop, support," from analambanein "to receive, take up, restore," from ana- "up" (see ana-) + lambanein "to take," from PIE base *(s)lagw- "to seize, take" (cf. Skt. labhate, rabhate "seizes;" O.E. læccan "to seize, grasp;" Gk. lazomai "I take, grasp;" O.C.S. leca "to catch, snare;" Lith. lobis "possession, riches").
- perceive
- c.1300, via Anglo-Fr. parceif, O.N.Fr. *perceivre, O.Fr. perçoivre, from L. percipere "obtain, gather," also, metaphorically, "to grasp with the mind," lit. "to take entirely," from per "thoroughly" (see per) + capere "to grasp, take" (see capable). Replaced O.E. ongietan. Both the Latin senses were in Old French, though the primary sense of Modern French percevoir is literal, "to receive, collect" (rents, taxes, etc.), while English uses the word almost always in the metaphorical sense. Related: Perceived; perceiving; perceivable; percievably.
- assume
- early 15c., assumpten "to receive up into heaven" (especially of the Virgin Mary), also assumen "to arrogate," from L. assumere "to take up, take to oneself," from ad- "to, up" (see ad-) + sumere "to take," from sub "under" + emere "to take" (see exempt). Meaning "to suppose, to take for granted as the basis of argument" is first recorded 1590s; that of "to take or put on (an appearance, etc.)" is from c.1600. Related: Assumed; assuming. Early pp. was assumpt. In rhetorical usage, assume expresses what the assumer postulates, often as a confessed hypothesis; presume expresses what the presumer really believes.
- hat trick
- 1879, originally from cricket, "taking three wickets on three consecutive deliveries;" extended to other sports (especially ice hockey) c.1909. Allegedly because it entitled the bowler to receive a hat from his club commemorating the feat (or entitled him to pass the hat for a cash collection), but also influenced by the image of a conjurer pulling things from his hat (attested by 1876). The term was used earlier for a different sort of magic trick:
Place a glass of liquor on the table, put a hat over it, and say, "I will engage to drink every drop of that liquor, and yet I'll not touch the hat." You then get under the table; and after giving three knocks, you make a noise with your mouth, as if you were swallowing the liquor. Then, getting from under the table, say "Now, gentlemen, be pleased to look." Some one, eager to see if you have drunk the liquor, will raise the hat; when you instantly take the glass and swallow the contents, saying, "Gentlemen I have fulfilled my promise: you are all witnesses that I did not touch the hat." ["Wit and Wisdom," London, 1860]
- decent
- 1530s, "proper to one's station or rank," also "tasteful," from M.Fr. décent, or directly from L. decentem (nom. decens) "becoming, seemly, fitting, proper," prp. of decere "to be fitting or suitable," from PIE *deke-, from base *dek- "to take, accept, to receive, greet, be suitable" (cf. Gk. dokein "to appear, seem, think," dekhesthai "to accept;" Skt. daśasyati "shows honor, is gracious," dacati "makes offerings, bestows;" L. docere "to teach," decus "grace, ornament"). Meaning "kind, pleasant" is from 1902. Are you decent? (1949) was originally backstage theater jargon for "are you dressed."
- inherit (v.)
- c.1300, "to make (someone) an heir," from O.Fr. enheriter "make heir, appoint as heir," from L.L. inhereditare "to appoint as heir," from L. in- "in" (see in- (2)) + hereditare "to inherit," from heres (gen. heredis) "heir" (see heredity). Sense of "receive inheritance" arose mid-14c.; original sense is retained in disinherit. Related: Inherited; inheriting.
- jabroni
- c.2000, professional wrestling slang for one whose main purpose is to make the better-known wrestlers of the organization look good; he or she does this by losing to them. More commonly known as a jobber (though some enthusiasts claim there is a difference), and perhaps a mock-Italianized form of that word (but cf. jaboney "naive person, immigrant, hoodlum," of unknown origin, Amer.Eng., in use c.1990).
Jobber -- A performer who regularly loses on television and doesn't receive much if any push. A comparable term for such a performer is jabroni, which is a favorite catch-phrase of Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson. To soften the blow of such labels, some wrestling promotions refer to jobbers as enhancement talent. Carpenter was the phrase used by earlier generations. ["The Professional Wrestlers' Instructional and Workout Guide," 2005]
- gift
- mid-13c. (c.1100 in surnames), from a Scandinavian source, cf. O.N. gift, gipt "gift, good luck," from P.Gmc. *giftiz (cf. O.S. gift, O.Fris. jefte, M.Du. ghifte "gift," Ger. Mitgift "dowry"), from PIE base *ghabh- "to give or receive" (see habit). For Ger. Gift "poison," see poison. O.E. cognate gift meant "bride-price, marriage gift (by the groom), dowry" (O.E. noun for "giving, gift" was related giefu). Sense of "natural talent" is c.1300, perhaps from earlier sense of "inspiration" (late 12c.). As a verb from 16c., especially in gifted. As a verb, giftwrap (also gift-wrap) attested by 1936.
- habit (n.)
- early 13c., "characteristic attire of a religious or clerical order," from O.Fr. habit, abit (12c.) "clothing, (ecclesiastical) habit; conduct," from L. habitus "condition, demeanor, appearance, dress," originally pp. of habere "to have, to hold, possess," from PIE base *ghabh- "to seize, take, hold, have, give, receive" (cf. Skt. gabhasti- "hand, forearm;" O.Ir. gaibim "I take, hold, I have," gabal "act of taking;" Lith. gabana "armful," gabenti "to remove;" Goth. gabei "riches;" O.E. giefan, O.N. gefa "to give"). Base sense probably "to hold," which can be either in offering or in taking. Applied in Latin to both inner and outer states of being, and taken over in both sense by English, though meaning of "dress" is now restricted to monks and nuns. Meaning "customary practice" is early 14c. Drug sense is from 1887.
- baker
- O.E. bæcere "baker," agent noun from bacan "to bake" (see bake). In the Middle Ages, the craft had two divisions, braun-bakeres and whit-bakeres.
White bakers shall bake no hors brede..broune bakers shall bake whete brede as it comyth grounde fro the mylle withoute ony bultyng of the same. Also the seid broune bakers shall bake hors brede of clene benys and pesyn, And also brede that is called housholdersbrede. [Letterbook in the City of London Records Office, Guildhall, 1441]
Baker's dozen "thirteen" is from 1590s.These dealers [hucksters] ... on purchasing their bread from the bakers, were privileged by law to receive thirteen batches for twelve, and this would seem to have been the extent of their profits. Hence the expression, still in use, "A baker's dozen." [H.T. Riley, "Liber Albus," 1859]
- dung
- O.E. dung "manure, fertilizer," common Germanic (cf. O.Fris., O.S. dung "manure;" O.H.G. tunga "manuring," tung "underground room covered with manure;" Ger. Dung; O.N. dyngja "heap of manure, women's apartment; Swed. dynga "dung, muck;" Dan. dynge "heap, mass, pile"), from PIE *dhengh- "covering" (cf. Lith. dengti "to cover," O.Ir. dingim "I press"); the word recalls the ancient Germanic custom (reported by Tacitus) of covering underground shelters with manure to keep in warmth in winter. The meaning "animal excrement," whether used as fertilizer or not, is from late 13c.
The whole body of journeymen tailors is divided into two classes, denominated Flints and Dungs: the former work by the day and receive all equal wages; the latter work generally by the piece [1824].
Dunghill is from early 14c.; dung beetle attested by 1630s. - Munich
- Bavarian capital, Ger. München, from root of mönch "monk;" founded 1158 as a market town by Benedictine monks. In allusions to "appeasement" it is from the meeting of German, British, French and Italian representatives there in Sept. 29, 1938, which resulted in the cession of Sudetenland to Germany in exchange for Hitler's pledges.
During the flight Daladier sat silent and morose, worried about the reception he would receive at Le Bourget, about how the French would react to his having betrayed Czechoslovakia and France's promises. As the plane circled for landing, he and others saw a massive crowd awaiting them. Expecting jeers, hisses, rotten fruit, and maybe worse, Daladier declared stolidly: 'They are going to mob me, I suppose. ... I appreciate their feelings,' and insisted on absorbing their wrath by being the first off the plane. But as he stood dumbfounded on the gangplank, thousands surged forward carrying flags and flowers, shouting 'Hurrah for France! Hurrah for England! Hurrah for peace!' Daladier turned back to Léger and cursed, 'The God-damned fools!' [Benjamin F. Martin, "France in 1938"]
- take (v.)
- late O.E. tacan, from a N.Gmc. source (e.g. O.N. taka "take, grasp, lay hold," past tense tok, pp. tekinn; Swed. ta, pp. tagit), from P.Gmc. *tækanan (cf. M.L.G. tacken, M.Du. taken, Goth. tekan "to touch"), of uncertain origin, perhaps originally meaning "to touch." Gradually replaced M.E. nimen as the verb for "to take," from O.E. niman, from the usual W.Gmc. *nem- root (cf. Ger. nehmen, Du. nemen; see nimble). OED calls it "one of the elemental words of the language;" take up alone has 55 varieties of meaning in that dictionary. Basic sense is "to lay hold of," which evolved to "accept, receive" (as in take my advice) c.1200; "absorb" (she can take a punch) c.1200; "to choose, select" (take the long way home) late 13c.; "to make, obtain" (take a shower) late 14c.; "to become affected by" (take sick) c.1300. Take five is 1929, from the approximate time it takes to smoke a cigarette. Take it easy first recorded 1880; take the plunge "act decisively" is from 1876; take the rap "accept (undeserved) punishment" is from 1930. Phrase take it or leave it is recorded from 1897.
- see (v.)
- O.E. seon (contracted class V strong verb; past tense seah, pp. sewen), from P.Gmc. *sekhwanan (cf. O.S., O.H.G. sehan, M.H.G., Ger. sehen, O.Fris. sia, M.Du. sien, O.N. sja, Goth. saihwan), from PIE base *sekw- "to see," which is "probably" the same base that produced words for "say" in Greek and Latin, and also words for "follow" (cf. L. sequor), but "opinions differ in regard to the semantic starting-point and sequences" [Buck]. Thus see could originally mean "follow with the eyes." Used in M.E. to mean "behold in the imagination or in a dream" (c.1200), "to recognize the force of (a demonstration)," also c.1200, "often with ref. to metaphorical light or eyes" [OED], and "to learn by reading" (early 15c.). Past tense saw developed from O.E. pl. sawon.
When you have seen one of their Pictures, you have seen all. [Blake, c.1811]
Sense of "escort" (e.g. to see someone home) first recorded 1607 in Shakespeare. Meaning "to receive as a visitor" is attested from c.1500. Gambling sense of "equal a bet" is from 1590s. See you as a casual farewell first attested 1891. Seeing Eye dog first attested 1929, Amer.Eng., trademarked by Seeing Eye Inc. of New Jersey. - understand
- O.E. understandan "comprehend, grasp the idea of," probably lit. "stand in the midst of," from under + standan "to stand" (see stand). If this is the meaning, the under is not the usual word meaning "beneath," but from O.E. under, from PIE *nter- "between, among" (cf. Skt. antar "among, between," L. inter "between, among," Gk. entera "intestines;" see inter-). That is the suggestion in Barnhart, but other sources regard the "among, between, before, in the presence of" sense of O.E. prefix and preposition under as other meanings of the same word. "Among" seems to be the sense in many O.E. compounds that resemble understand, e.g. underniman "to receive," undersecan "to investigate," underginnan "to begin." It also seems to be the sense still in expressions such as under such circumstances. Perhaps the ultimate sense is "be close to," cf. Gk. epistamai "I know how, I know," lit. "I stand upon." Similar formations are found in O.Fris. (understonda), M.Dan. (understande), while other Germanic languages use compounds meaning "stand before" (cf. Ger. verstehen, represented in O.E. by forstanden). For this concept, most I.E. languages use figurative extensions of compounds that lit. mean "put together," or "separate," or "take, grasp" (see comprehend). O.E. oferstandan, M.E. overstonden, lit. "over-stand" seem to have been used only in literal senses.
- jealous (adj.)
- c.1200, gelus, later jelus (early 14c.), "possessive and suspicious," originally in the context of sexuality or romance; in general use late 14c.; also in a more positive sense, "fond, amorous, ardent," from c.1300, from O.Fr. jalos "keen, zealous; avaricious; jealous" (12c., Mod.Fr. jaloux), from L.L. zelosus, from zelus "zeal," from Gk. zelos, sometimes "jealousy," but more often in a good sense ("emulation, rivalry, zeal"). See zeal. In biblical language (early 13c.) "tolerating no unfaithfulness."
Most of the words for 'envy' ... had from the outset a hostile force, based on 'look at' (with malice), 'not love,' etc. Conversely, most of those which became distinctive terms for 'jealousy' were originally used also in a good sense, 'zeal, emulation.' [Buck, pp.1138-9]
Among the ways to express this in other tongues are Swed. svartsjuka, lit. "black-sick," from phrase bara svarta strumpor "wear black stockings," also "be jealous." Dan. skinsyg "jealous," lit. "skin-sick," is from skind "hide, skin" said to be explained by Swedish dialectal expression fa skinn "receive a refusal in courtship." - wind (n.)
- "air in motion," O.E. wind, from P.Gmc. *wendas (cf. O.S., O.Fris., Du. wind, O.N. vindr, O.H.G. wind, Ger. Wind, Goth. winds), from PIE *we-nt-o- "blowing," from base *we- "to blow" (cf. Skt. va-, Gk. aemi-, Goth. waian, O.E. wawan, O.H.G. wajan, Ger. wehen, O.C.S. vejati "to blow;" Skt. vatah, Avestan vata-, Hittite huwantis, L. ventus, O.C.S. vetru, Lith. vejas "wind;" Lith. vetra "tempest, storm;" O.Ir. feth "air;" Welsh gwynt, Bret. gwent "wind"). Normal pronunciation evolution made this word rhyme with kind and rind (Donne rhymes it with mind), but shifted to a short vowel 18c., probably from influence of windy, where the short vowel is natural. A sad loss for poets, who now must rhyme it only with sinned and a handful of weak words. Symbolic of emptiness and vanity since late 13c.
I have forgot much, Cynara! gone with the wind. [Ernest Dowson, 1896]
To get wind of "receive information about" is recorded from 1809, perhaps from Fr. avoir le vent de. Wind-chill index is recorded from 1939. Wind energy from 1976. Wind vane from 1725. The verb meaning "tire, put out of breath" is attested from 1811. Related: Winded; winding.
STAGES AWARE
- self-aware
- also self aware, 1924, from self + aware.
- unawares
- 1530s, "without being aware," from un- (1) "not" + aware + adverbial genitive -s. Meaning "without being noticed" is recorded from 1660s. Form unaware is recorded from 1590s.
- bode
- O.E. bodian "proclaim, announce; foretell," from boda "messenger," probably from P.Gmc. *budon- (cf. O.S. gibod, Ger. gebot, O.N. boð), from PIE *bheudh- "be aware, make aware" (cf. bid). As a shortened form of forebode (usually evil), it dates from 1740.
- reverence
- late 13c., from O.Fr. reverence, from L. reverentia "awe, respect," from revereri "to revere," from re-, intensive prefix, + vereri "stand in awe of, fear," from PIE *wer- "to be or become aware of" (cf. O.E. wær "aware, cautious;" see wary). The verb is first attested c.1300.
- wary
- 1550s, from O.E. wær "prudent, aware, alert, wary," from P.Gmc. *waraz (cf. O.N. varr "attentive," Goth. wars "cautious," O.S. giwar, M.Du. gheware, O.H.G. giwar, Ger. gewahr "aware"), from PIE base *wer- "to cover" (see weir).
- au courant
- "aware of current events," 1762, French, lit. "with the current."
- arena
- 1620s, "place of combat," from L. harena "place of combat," originally "sand, sandy place," perhaps from Etruscan. The central stages of Roman amphitheaters were strewn with sand to soak up the blood.
- catwalk
- 1885, "long, narrow footway," from cat + walk; in reference to such narrowness of passage one has to cross carefully, as a cat walks. Originally of ships and theatrical back-stages. Application to fashion show runways is mid-20c.
- bid
- The modern verb is a merger of two old words. The sense in bid farewell is from O.E. biddan "to ask, entreat, pray, beseech; order; beg" (class V strong verb, past tense bæd, past participle beden), from P.Gmc. *bidjan "to pray, entreat" (cf. Ger. bitten "to ask," O.H.G., 8c.), which, according to Kluge and Watkins is from a PIE base *gwhedh- "to ask, pray" (see bead). A bid at an auction, meanwhile, is from O.E. beodan "offer, proclaim" (class II strong verb; p.t. bead, p.p. boden), from P.Gmc. *biudanan "to stretch out, reach out, offer, present," (cf. Ger. bieten "to offer"), from PIE base *bh(e)udh- "to be aware, make aware" (cf. Skt. bodhati "is awake, is watchful, observes," buddhah "awakened, enlightened;" O.C.S. bljudo "to observe;" Lith. budeti "to be awake;" O.Ir. buide "contentment, thanks").
- development
- 1756, "an unfolding;" see develop + -ment. Of property, with the sense "bringing out the latent possibilities," from 1885. Meaning "state of economic advancement" is from 1902. Meaning "advancement through progressive stages" is 1836.
- mitosis
- 1887, coined from Gk. mitos "warp thread" (see mitre) + Mod.L. -osis "act, process." Term introduced by German anatomist Walther Fleming (1843-1905) in 1882. So called because chromatin of the cell nucleus appears as long threads in the first stages.
- progress (n.)
- early 15c., "a going on, action of walking forward," from O.Fr. progres, from L. progressus (see progression). Figurative sense of "growth, development, advancement to higher stages" is from c.1600. The verb is attested from c.1590 in the lit. sense, c.1600 in the fig. sense.
- consciousness
- 1630s, "internal knowledge," from conscious + -ness. Meaning "state of being aware" is from 1746.
- witting
- "aware," mid-14c. (wittingly), from wit (v.).
- talon
- c.1400, talounz "claws of a bird or beast," probably originally from O.Fr. talon "heel or hinder part of the foot of a beast, or of a man, or of a shoe," from M.L. talonem "heel," from L. talus "ankle" (see talus (1)). "The extension to birds of prey, and subsequent stages, are peculiar to English" [OED].
- self-conscious
- 1680s, "aware of one's action," a word of the English Enlightenment (Locke was using it by 1690), from self + conscious. Morbid sense of "preoccupied with one's own personality" is attested from 1834 (in J.S. Mill).
- drunk
- pp. of drink, used as an adj. from mid-14c. in sense "intoxicared." In various expressions, e.g. "drunk as a lord" (1891); Chaucer has "dronke ... as a Mous" (c.1386); and, from 1709, "as Drunk as a Wheelbarrow." Medieval folklore distinguished four successive stages of drunkenness, based on the animals they made men resenble: sheep, lion, ape, sow. Drunk driver first recorded 1948. Drunk-tank "jail cell for drunkards" attested by 1912, Amer.Eng. The noun meaning "drunken person" is from 1852; earlier this would have been a drunkard.
- halfway
- also half-way, O.E. healfweg; see half + way. Halfway house originally was a common name for inns midway between cities or stages.
- awareness
- 1828, from aware + -ness.
- equivocation
- late 14c., "the fallacy of using a word in different senses at different stages of the reasoning" (a loan-transl. of Gk. homonymia, lit. "having the same name"), from O.Fr. equivocation, from L.L. aequivocationem (nom. aequivocatio), from aequivocus "of identical sound," pp. of aequivocare, from aequus "equal" (see equal) + vocare "to call" (see voice).
- weevil
- O.E. wifel "small beetle," from P.Gmc. *webilaz (cf. O.S. wibil, O.H.G. wibil, Ger. Wiebel "beetle, chafer," O.N. tordyfill "dung beetle"), cognate with Lith. vabalas "beetle," from PIE base *webh- "to weave," also "to move quickly" (see weave). The sense gradually narrowed to a particular kind of beetle that, in larval or adult stages, bores into plants, often destroying them.
- hippie
- c.1965, Amer.Eng. (Haight-Ashbury slang); earlier hippie, 1953, was a usually disparaging variant of hipster (1941) "person who is keenly aware of the new and stylish," from hip "up-to-date" (see hip (adj.)).
- conscious
- c.1600, "knowing, privy to," from L. conscius "knowing, aware," from conscire (see conscience); probably a loan-translation of Gk. syneidos. A word adopted from the Latin poets and much mocked at first. Sense of "active and awake" is from 1837.
- beknow
- c.1300, "to become acquainted with; to be aware or conscious of," from be- + know. Related: Beknown; beknowing.
- oblivious
- mid-15c., from L. obliviosus "forgetful, producing forgetfulness," from oblivionem (see oblivion). Meaning "unaware, unconscious (of something)" is from 1862, formerly regarded as erroneous, this is now the general meaning and the word has lost its original sense of "no longer aware or mindful." Properly should be used with to, not of.
- dap
- fist-bump greeting, with various theories as to origin and name meaning. In U.S. popular black culture by 1972 and controversial during the Vietnam War when used by U.S. soldiers, as it often was regarded by whites as a ritual act of black solidarity. Probably onomatopoeic (dap was used in 19c. for the bounce of a ball or the skip of a stone on water). Dap, meanwhile, is listed in the DAS as black slang c.1950 for "aware, up to date," also "stylish, well-dressed," in the latter case at least a shortening of dapper.
- ware (v.)
- "to take heed of, beware," O.E. warian "to guard against," from P.Gmc. *warojan, from *waro- "to guard, watch" (cf. O.Fris. waria, O.N. vara); related to O.E. wær "aware" (see wary).
- hep (1)
- "aware, up-to-date," first recorded 1908 in "Saturday Evening Post," but said to be underworld slang, of unknown origin. Variously said to have been the name of "a fabulous detective who operated in Cincinnati" [Louis E. Jackson and C.R. Hellyer, "A Vocabulary of Criminal Slang," 1914] or a saloonkeeper in Chicago who "never quite understood what was going on ... (but) thought he did" ["American Speech," XVI, 154/1]. Taken up by jazz musicians by 1915; hepcat "addict of swing music" is from 1938. With the rise of hip (adj.) by the 1950s, the use of hep ironically became a clue that the speaker was unaware and not up-to-date.
- sensible
- late 14c., "perceptible to the senses," from L. sensibilis "having feeling, perceptible by the senses," from sensus, pp. of sentire "perceive, feel" (see sense). Meaning "aware, cognizant (of something)" is recorded from early 15c. Meaning "having good sense, reasonable" first recorded 1520s. Of clothes, shoes, etc., "practical rather than fashionable" it is attested from 1855.
- y-
- perfective prefix, in y-clept, etc.; a deliberate archaism, introduced by Spenser and his imitators, representing an authentic M.E. prefix, from O.E. ge-, originally meaning "with, together" but later a completive or perfective element, from P.Gmc. *ga-. It is still living in German and Dutch ge-, and survives, disguised, in some English words (e.g. alike, aware, handiwork).
- apperception
- 1753, from Fr. aperception (17c.), from Ger. Apperzeption (or L. apperceptionem), coined by Leibniz (1646-1716) as noun corresponding to Fr. apercevoir "perceive, notice, become aware of" (11c., from L. ad "to" (see ad-) + percipere; see perceive) on analogy of Perzeption/percevoir.
- avert (v.)
- c.1400, from O.Fr. avertir (12c.), "turn, direct; avert; make aware," from V.L. *advertire, from L. avertere "to turn away, to drive away," from ab- "from, away" + vertere "to turn" (see versus). Related: Averted; averting.
- warn
- O.E. warnian "to give notice of impending danger," also intrans., "to take heed," from W.Gmc. *warnojanan (cf. O.N. varna "to admonish," O.H.G. warnon "to take heed," Ger. warnen "to warn"); related to O.E. wær "aware, cautious" (see wary). Related: Warned; warning.
- on
- O.E. on, unstressed variant of an "in, on, into," from P.Gmc. (cf. Du. aan, Ger. an, Goth. ana "on, upon"), from PIE base *ano "on" (cf. Avestan ana "on," Gk. ana "on, upon," L. an-, O.C.S. na, Lith. nuo "down from"). Also used in O.E. in many places where we would now use in. From 16c.-18c. (and still in northern England dialect) often reduced to o'. Phrase on to "aware" is from 1877.
- aware
- late O.E. gewær, from P.Gmc. *ga-waraz (cf. O.S. giwar, M.Du. gheware, O.H.G. giwar, Ger. gewahr), from *ga- intensive prefix + wær "wary, cautious" (see wary).
- anticipate
- 1530s, "to cause to happen sooner," a back formation from anticipation, or else from L. anticipatus, pp. of anticipare "take (care of) ahead of time," lit. "taking into possession beforehand," from ante "before" (see ante) + capere "to take" (see capable). Later "to be aware of (something) coming at a future time" (1640s). Used in the sense of "expect, look forward to" since 1749, but anticipate has an element of "prepare for, forestall" that should prevent its being used as a synonym for expect. Related: Anticipated; anticipating.
- ware (n.)
- "manufactured goods, goods for sale," O.E. waru, probably originally "object of care, that which is kept in custody," from P.Gmc. *waro (cf. Swed. vara, Dan. vare, O.Fris. were, M.Du. were, Du. waar, M.H.G., Ger. ware "goods"); related to O.E. wær "aware, cautious" (see wary). Usually wares, except in compounds such as hardware, earthenware, etc. Lady ware was a jocular 17c. euphemism for "a woman's private parts," and M.E. had ape-ware "deceptive or false ware; tricks" (mid-13c.).
- tune (n.)
- late 14c., "a musical sound, a succession of musical notes," unexplained variant of tone. Meaning "state of being in proper pitch" is from mid-15c.; the verb in this sense is recorded from c.1500. Non-musical meaning "to adjust an organ or receiver" is recorded from 1887. Verbal phrase tune in in reference to radio (later also TV) is recorded from 1913; figurative sense of "become aware" is recorded from 1926. Tune out "to eliminate radio reception" is recorded from 1908; fig. sense of "disregard, stop heeding" is from 1928. Tunesmith is a U.S. colloquial coinage first recorded 1926.
- a- (1)
- in native (derived from O.E.) words, it most commonly represents O.E. an "on" (see a (2)), as in alive, asleep, abroad, afoot, etc., forming adjectives and adverbs from nouns; but it also can be M.E. of, as in anew, abreast (1590s); or a reduced form of O.E. pp. prefix ge-, as in aware; or the O.E. intens. a-, as in arise, awake, ashame, marking a verb as momentary, a single event. In words from Romanic languages, often it represents L. ad- "to, at."
[I]t naturally happened that all these a- prefixes were at length confusedly lumped together in idea, and the resultant a- looked upon as vaguely intensive, rhetorical, euphonic, or even archaic, and wholly otiose. [OED]
- ignorant (adj.)
- late 14c., from O.Fr. ignorant (14c.), from L. ignorantia, from ignorantem (nom. ignorans), prp. of ignorare "not to know, to be unacquainted; mistake, misunderstand; take no notice of, pay no attention to," from assimilated form of in- “not, opposite of” (see in- (1)) + Old Latin gnarus "aware, acquainted with" (cf. Classical L. noscere "to know," notus "known"), from Proto-Latin suffixed form *gno-ro-, related to gnoscere "to know" (see know). Form influenced by L. ignotus "unknown." Cf. also uncouth. Colloquial sense of "ill-mannered" first attested 1886. As a noun meaning "ignorant person" from mid-15c.
- wise (adj.)
- O.E. wis, from P.Gmc. *wisaz (cf. O.S., O.Fris. wis, O.N. viss, Du. wijs, Ger. weise "wise"), from pp. adj. *wittos of PIE base *weid- "to see," hence "to know" (see vision). Slang meaning "aware, cunning" first attested 1896. Related to the source of O.E. witan "to know, wit."
A wise man has no extensive knowledge; He who has extensive knowledge is not a wise man. [Lao-tzu, "Tao te Ching," c.550 B.C.E.]
Wise guy is attested from 1896, Amer.Eng. Wisenheimer, with mock German or Yiddish surname suffix, first recorded 1904. - conscience
- early 13c., from O.Fr. conscience "conscience, innermost thoughts, desires, intentions; feelings" (12c.), from L. conscientia "knowledge within oneself, sense of right, a moral sense," from conscientem (nom. consciens), prp. of conscire "be (mutually) aware," from com- "with," or "thoroughly" (see com-) + scire "to know" (see science). Probably a loan-translation of Gk. syneidesis, lit. "with-knowledge." Sometimes nativized in O.E./M.E. as inwit. Russian also uses a loan-translation, so-vest, "conscience," lit. "with-knowledge."
- katzenjammer
- 1849, "a hangover," Amer.Eng. colloquial, from Ger. katzen, comb. form of katze "cat" + jammer "distress, wailing." Hence, "any unpleasant reaction" (1897).
Pleasure can intoxicate, passion can inebriate, success can make you quite as drunk as champagne. The waking from these several stages of delights will bring the same result--Katzenjammer. In English you would call it reaction; but whole pages of English cannot express the sick, empty, weary, vacant feeling which is so concisely contained within these four German syllables. ["Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine," August 1884]
Katzenjammer Kids "spectacularly naughty children" is from title of comic strip first drawn by German-born U.S. comic strip artist Rudolph Dirks (1877–1968) in 1897 for the "New York Journal.""THE SHENANIGAN KIDS" is the new American name for the original "Katzenjammer Kids." Although the original name and idea were pure Holland Dutch, some people may have had the mistaken impression that they were of Germanic origin, and hence the change. It is the same splendid comic as in the past. [International Feature Service advertisement in "Editor & Publisher," July 6, 1918]
- down (adv.)
- late O.E. aphetic form of O.E. ofdune "downwards," from dune "from the hill," dative of dun "hill" (see down (n.2)). A sense development peculiar to English. Used as a preposition since c.1500. Sense of "depressed mentally" is attested from c.1600. Slang sense of "aware, wide awake" is attested from 1812. Computer crash sense is from 1965. As a preposition from late 14c.; as a verb from 1560s; as an adj. from 1560s. Down-and-out is from 1889, Amer.Eng., from situation of a beaten prizefighter. Down home (adj.) is 1931, Amer.Eng.; down the hatch as a toast is from 1931; down to the wire is 1901, from horse-racing. Down time is from 1952. Down under "Australia and New Zealand" attested from 1886; Down East "Maine" is from 1825.
- heavy (adj.)
- O.E. hefig "heavy, having much weight; important, grave; oppressive; slow, dull," from P.Gmc. *hafiga "containing something; having weight" (cf. O.S., O.H.G. hebig, O.N. hofugr, M.Du. hevich, Du. hevig), from PIE *kap- "to grasp" (see capable). Jazz slang sense of "profound, serious" is from 1937 but would have been comprehensible to an Anglo-Saxon. Heavy industry recorded from 1932. Heavy metal attested by 1839 in chemistry; in nautical jargon from at least 1744 in sense "large-caliber guns on a ship.
While we undervalue the nicely-balanced weight of broadsides which have lately been brought forward with all the grave precision of Cocker, we are well aware of the decided advantages of heavy metal. ["United Services Journal," London, 1830]
As a type of rock music, from 1972. - caveat
- 1540s, from Latin, lit. "let him beware," 3rd person singular present subjunctive of cavere "to beware, take heed, watch, guard against," from PIE base *skeue- "to pay attention, perceive" (cf. Skt. kavih "wise, sage, seer, poet;" Lith. kavoti "tend, safeguard;" Arm. cucanem "I show;" L. cautio "wariness;" Gk. koein "to mark, perceive, hear," kydos "glory, fame," lit. "that which is heard of;" O.C.S. chujo "to feel, perceive, hear," cudo "wonder," lit. "that which is heard of;" Czech (z)koumati "to perceive, be aware of;" Serbian chuvati "watch, heed;" O.E. sceawian "to look at" (cf. show (v.)); M.Du. schoon "beautiful, bright," properly "showy;" Goth. hausjan "hear").
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